Dictionary of Discrimination

26 March 2013

The key definitions for Italy’s State of Emergency.

T.A.R. (Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale): regional administrative court (local level. in this case, in Lazio – Latium).

Council of State: Italy’s highest administrative court (national level).

Court of Cassation: Italy’s highest court.

Decree declaring a State of Emergency: government act to tackle an extraordinary situation which requires the disposal of extraordinary measures in a prompt manner.

Nomad: Italian government’s terminology to describe Roma, Sinti and Caminanti, even though the vast majority of members of these groups in Italy are sedentary.

Special Commissioner: Prefects (local government officiasl) with extraordinary powers for the implementation of all the steps needed to deal with the state of emergency.

Formal camps: also called “equipped village” or “villages of solidarity”; camps authorised by municipalities which provide some services such as water, electricity, rubbish collection, social projects, school buses, etc.
Semiformal camps: spontaneous settlements subsequently recognised by municipalities, or formal camps “downgraded” and for this reason destined to be evicted. In the latter case, a municipality shalts any work to improve the camp because it will be closed. Only basic services are provided by municipalities: rubbish collection, water, electricity.

Informal camps: spontaneous settlements. Generally they are characterised by extreme marginalisation, usually located in the suburbs, close to illegal dumping sites, truck parks, busy roads and industrial areas with a  high rate of environmental pollution.  No services are provided by municipalities. They are under constant threat of eviction.
 

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